1 Overview
The AH-WIFI HALOW chip supports the IEEE802.11AH protocol standard, with an operating frequency range of 730MHz~930MHz (please refer to the module specification for the specific module operating frequency range).
2 Definition of terms
BSS_BW: The bandwidth occupied by BSS (unit: MHz), you can choose 2M/4M/8M, set according to the spectrum planning of the country and region, and the characteristics of the scheme;
FREQ_START1: The starting value of the center frequency point of the optional channel (unit: MHz/10, or 100KHz), set according to the spectrum planning of the country and region;
FREQ_END1: The end value of the center frequency point of the optional channel (unit: MHz/10, or 100KHz), set according to the spectrum planning of the country and region;
CHAN_LIST2: List of center frequencies of optional channels (unit: MHz/10, or 100KHz), set according to national and regional spectrum planning;
Note 1: If the optional channel is continuously available, it can be set with FREQ_START and FREQ_END. The calculated channel center frequency point is every other BSS_BW; for example, FREQ_START=9080, FREQ_END=9240, BSS_BW=8, then the calculated The center frequencies of the channels are 908M, 916M, and 924M respectively, and each channel occupies 8M bandwidth;
Note 2: If the optional channels are discontinuously available, you can use CHAN_LIST to set them; the center frequency intervals of each channel are not
Subject to BSS_BW; CHAN_LIST has a maximum of 16 elements; no more than 6 is recommended;
3 Frequency settings for various countries and regions
Sort alphabetically
3.1 AU (Australia)
The power limit is 30dbm. The recommended channels to use are,
a) BSS_BW=1M, a total of 13 channels, the center frequencies are 916.5M/917.5M/.../927.5M. Considering that there are too many channels and the scanning speed is slow, only 6 channels are selected and set through CHAN_LIST:
CHAN_LIST=[9165, 9185, 9205, 9225, 9245, 9265];
b) BSS_BW=2M, since the channel is discontinuous for 2M bandwidth, it can only be set through CHAN_LIST:
CHAN_LIST=[9160,9180,9210,9230,9250,9270], a total of 6 channels, the center frequencies are 916M/918M/921M/923M/925M/927M;
c) BSS_BW=4M, since the channel is discontinuous for 4M bandwidth, it can only be set through CHAN_LIST:
CHAN_LIST=[9170,9220,9260], a total of 3 channels, the center frequencies are 917 M/922 M/926M;
d) BSS_BW=8M, only one channel can be used:
CHAN_LIST=[9240], a total of 1 channel, that is, 924M;
3.2 CN (China)
Note 1. Currently, there is no AH compliant frequency band in China. Please comply with relevant national spectrum regulations when using it.
Note 2. Radio and television 5G will occupy the 700M frequency band. The specific frequency bands are as follows:
Uplink: 703-743MHz + Downlink: 758-798MHz, the corresponding 5G channel number is n28;
Uplink: 703-733MHz + Downlink: 758-788MHz. The corresponding 5G frequency band number is n28a, which can be called the "reduced version".
Note 3: China Unicom’s 5G will occupy the 900M frequency band. The specific frequency bands are as follows:
Uplink: 904-915MHz, downlink: 945-960MHz.
Mobile GSM also occupies the 900M frequency band. The specific frequency bands are as follows:
Uplink: 890-915MHz, downlink: 935-960MHz.
3.3 EU (European Union)
Please note that the EU region needs to distinguish between audio and video applications and IOT applications (application scenarios with a small duty cycle).
a) For audio and video applications, the EU frequency band can use BSS_BW=2M and BSS_BW=1M (the actual 1M bandwidth code rate is lower,
Not necessarily suitable for audio and video applications)
a) BSS_BW=2M, then there is only one channel:
CHAN_LIST=[8660], that is, the center frequency is 866M;
b) BSS_BW=1M, then there are 3 channels:
CHAN_LIST=[8655,8665,8675], that is, the center frequencies are 865.5M/866.5M/867.5M respectively;
b) For IOT applications, EU frequency bands can be used with BSS_BW=2M and BSS_BW=1M
a) BSS_BW=2M, then there are 2 channels:
CHAN_LIST=[8640, 8660], that is, the center frequencies are 864M and 866M;
b) BSS_BW=1M, there are 5 channels:
CHAN_LIST=[8635,8645,8655,8665,8675], that is, the center frequency points are
863.5M/864.5M/865.5M/866.5M/867.5M;
Notice
1. Since 863-865M only allows the use of narrowband no more than 300kHz for audio and video applications, AH cannot be used;
2. EU has strict restrictions on the main tone, and the power needs to be limited to pass the certification;
3.4 ID (Indonesia)
The power requirement is an EIRP of no more than 400mW, which is 26dbm.
The available channels are,
a) BSS_BW=2M, then there is only one channel:
CHAN_LIST=[9215], that is, the center frequency is 921.5M;
b) BSS_BW=1M, then there are 2 channels:
CHAN_LIST=[9210,9220], that is, the center frequencies are 921M/922M respectively;
3.5 HK (Hong Kong)
According to Hong Kong's spectrum regulation "Telecommunications (Telecommunications Equipment) (Exemption from Licensing) Order", the following frequency points can be used, and the effective radiation function
Rate limited to 2W:
a) BSS_BW=1M, it is recommended to use 2 channels, the center frequencies are 866.1M/867.1M, that is, CHAN_LIST=[8661,
8671];
b) BSS_BW=2M, a total of 3 channels, the center frequency is 866.6M, CHAN_LIST=[8666];
3.6 JP (Japan)
According to Japan’s new spectrum specifications for September 2022:
c) BSS_BW=1M, it is recommended to use 5 channels, the center frequencies are 918M/9200M/922M/924M/926M, that is
CHAN_LIST=[9180, 9200, 9220, 9240, 9260];
d) BSS_BW=2M, a total of 3 channels, the center frequencies are 922M/924M/926M respectively,
CHAN_LIST=[9220,9240,9260];
e) BSS_BW=4M, a total of 1 channel, the center frequency points are 924M, CHAN_LIST=[9240].
Notice
1. Japan’s spectrum certification has very high spurious requirements, and the main tone power needs to be reduced to a very low level (close to 0dbm) to pass;
2. The 4M channel requires channel access duty cycle (<10%), which is only suitable for low duty cycle application scenarios; 920.5-923.5M
There is no duty cycle requirement in the range, but only 2M or 1M channels can be used.
3.7 KR (South Korea)
a) BSS_BW=1M, the channels are continuous for 1M, there are 6 channels in total, the center frequencies are:
918M/919M/920M/921M/922M/923M, that is
CHAN_LIST=[9180, 9190, 9200, 9210, 9220, 9230];
b) BSS_BW=2M, the channel is continuous for 2M, there are 3 channels in total, the center frequency points are respectively
918.5M/920.5M/922.5, that is, CHAN_LIST=[9185, 9205, 9225];
c) BSS_BW=4M, only one channel can be used:
CHAN_LIST=[9215], a total of 1 channel, that is, 921.5M;
3.8 MY (Malaysia)
1. Effective Radiated Power (ERP) refers to radiation of a half wave tuned dipole. which is used for
frequencies below 1 GHz. 2. Equivalent isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) is a product of the power supplied to the antenna and the
maximum antenna gain, relative to an isotropic antenna, and is used for frequencies above 1 GHz. There is
a constant difference of 2.15 dB between ElRP and ERP [EIRP (dBm) = ERP (dBm) +2.15].
As shown above, the power of 916-919M is limited to 25mW (about 14dbm); the power of 919-924 is limited to 500mW (about 27dbm).
However, there are Listen before Talk (LBT) restrictions. Since AH has a CCA mechanism, it meets the LBT requirements.
If you only use 919-924M (higher power),
a) BSS_BW=1M, a total of 5 channels, the center frequency points are 919.5M/920.5M/.../923.5M, that is,
CHAN_LIST=[9195, 9205, 9215, 9225, 9235];
b) BSS_BW=2M, a total of 2 channels, the center frequencies are 920.5M/922.5M, CHAN_LIST=[9205,9225];
c) BSS_BW=4M, a total of 1 channel, the center frequency points are 921.5M, CHAN_LIST=[9215].
3.9 NZ (New Zealand)
Please note that the use of AH spectrum in New Zealand is relatively special. Although AH can be used in the range of 915M~928M,
Yes, the power of 915M~924M does not exceed 5dbm, and the power of 924M~928M does not exceed 36dbm;
a) When using 915M~924M:
i. BSS_BW=2M, since the channel is continuous for 2M, it can be set by FREQ_START/FREQ_END
Defined: FREQ_START=9160, FREQ_END=9220, a total of 4 channels, the center frequencies are
916M/918M/920M/922M;
ii. BSS_BW=4M, since the channel is continuous for 4M, it can be set by FREQ_START/FREQ_END
Defined: FREQ_START=9170, FREQ_END=9210, a total of 2 channels, the center frequencies are
917M/921M;
iii. BSS_BW=8M, only one channel can be used:
CHAN_LIST=[9190], a total of 1 channel, that is, the center frequency is 919M;
b) When using 924~928M:
i. BSS_BW=1M, a total of 4 channels, the center frequencies are 924.5M/925.5M/926.5M/927.5M, that is
CHAN_LIST=[9245, 9255, 9265, 9275];
ii. BSS_BW=2M, a total of 2 channels, the center frequencies are 925M/927M, that is
CHAN_LIST=[9250, 9270];
iii. BSS_BW=4M, only one channel can be used:
CHAN_LIST=[9260], a total of 1 channel, that is, the center frequency is 926M;
3.10 SG (Singapore)
The power limit in Singapore is 500mW (27dbm).
Available frequency bands are 866-869M and 920-925M.
a) If using 860M module, the channels that can be used are:
i. BSS_BW=2M, a total of 1 channel, the center frequency is 867.5 M, CHAN_LIST=[8675];
b) If using the 915M module, the channels that can be used are:
i. BSS_BW=1M, a total of 5 channels, the center frequency points are respectively
920.5M/921.5M/922.5M/923.5M/924.5M, CHAN_LIST=[9205, 9215, 9225, 9235, 9245];
ii. BSS_BW=2M, a total of 2 channels, the center frequency points are 921.5M/923.5M respectively,
CHAN_LIST=[9215,9235];
iii. BSS_BW=4M, a total of 1 channel, the center frequency points are 922.5M, CHAN_LIST=[9225];
c) If you use a module that supports both 860M and 915M, you can combine the above channels, but from the antenna perspective
For this reason, it is recommended to use only one frequency band, such as the 915M frequency band.
3.11 TH (Thailand)
As shown above, the 920-925 is power limited to 50mW (approximately 17dbm).
The available channels are,
a) BSS_BW=1M, a total of 5 channels, the center frequency points are 920.5M/921.5M/.../924.5M, that is,
CHAN_LIST=[9205, 9215, 9225, 9235, 9245];
b) BSS_BW=2M, a total of 2 channels, the center frequencies are 921.5M/923.5M, CHAN_LIST=[9215,9235];
c) BSS_BW=4M, a total of 1 channel, the center frequency points are 922.5M, CHAN_LIST=[9225].
3.12 TW (Taiwan)
According to the Taiwan Spectrum Regulations "General Notes on Amendments to Certain Articles of Technical Specifications for Low Power Radio Frequency Motors": 920-925 Maximum peak power
Limited to: 1W (30dbm) indoors, 500mW (approx. 27dbm) outdoor.
The available channels are,
d) BSS_BW=1M, a total of 5 channels, the center frequency points are 920.5M/921.5M/.../924.5M, that is,
CHAN_LIST=[9205, 9215, 9225, 9235, 9245];
e) BSS_BW=2M, a total of 2 channels, the center frequencies are 921.5M/923.5M, CHAN_LIST=[9215,9235];
f) BSS_BW=4M, a total of 1 channel, the center frequency points are 922.5M, CHAN_LIST=[9225].
3.13 US (United States)
a) BSS_BW=1M. Since there are many available channels, more than 16, considering the scanning speed, it is recommended to use 6 channels. The settings are as follows: CHAN_LIST=[9055,9095,9135,9175,9215,9255];
b) BSS_BW=2M, since the channel is continuous for 2M, there are a total of 13 channels, and the center frequency points are respectively
903M/905M/907M/909M/911M/913M/915M/917M/919M/921M/923M/925M/927M;
There are many 2M frequency points. It is recommended to select some of them to avoid slowing down the connection scan caused by too many channels. For example, select
Select 6 channels: 905M/909M/913M/917M/921M/925M,
CHAN_LIST=[9050,9090,9130,9170,9210,9250];
c) BSS_BW=4M, since the channel is continuous for 4M, there are 6 channels in total, and the center frequency is 906M/910M/914M/918M/922M/926M; since the upper boundary of the 926M channel reaches 928M, it is easy for the power to exceed the certified Standard, you can consider not using it. The first 5 signals can be selected for actual use, that is, CHAN_LIST=[9060,9100,9140,9180,9220];
d) BSS_BW=8M, because the channel is continuous for 8M, there are 3 channels in total, and the center frequency is 908M/916M/924M; although the upper boundary of the 924M channel reaches 928M, it is easy for the power to exceed the certification standard, but because the 8M channel There are only 3, so it is recommended to retain channel 924, that is, CHAN_LIST=[9080,9160,9240];
3.14 VN (Vietnam)
As shown above, Vietnam's required bandwidth is 500kHz, so AH does not comply with Vietnamese regulations.
Appendix A
AH spectrum planning in various countries
(1) United States
(2) Other countries and regions
Note: Type 1 and Type 2 are two channel types defined by the AH protocol, and the corresponding CCA thresholds are different. The CCA threshold of Type 1 is lower. Basically, Type1 is used by sensor nodes, and Type2 is used by big data traffic nodes (the actual solution can ignore the distinction between Type1/2 for the time being).
